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	<title>euro zone Archives - IREF Europe</title>
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	<description>Independent research and policy analysis on fiscal, monetary, and regulatory issues in Europe</description>
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		<title>The European Stability Mechanism hangs by a thread – on France’s credit rating</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-european-stability-mechanism-hangs-by-a-thread-on-frances-credit-rating/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=the-european-stability-mechanism-hangs-by-a-thread-on-frances-credit-rating</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-european-stability-mechanism-hangs-by-a-thread-on-frances-credit-rating/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Lyddon]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Jul 2023 05:17:58 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Online Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Banking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euro zone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rating]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35167</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Introduction The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) backstops the euro. Its nominal size is €705 billion but its lending capacity is lower at €500 billion, and the main condition attached to&#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-european-stability-mechanism-hangs-by-a-thread-on-frances-credit-rating/">The European Stability Mechanism hangs by a thread – on France’s credit rating</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
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			</item>
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		<title>France receives a debt downgrade as interest costs and the EU imbalances increase. Is there any way out?</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/france-receives-a-debt-downgrade-as-interest-costs-and-the-eu-imbalances-increase-is-there-any-way-out/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=france-receives-a-debt-downgrade-as-interest-costs-and-the-eu-imbalances-increase-is-there-any-way-out</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/france-receives-a-debt-downgrade-as-interest-costs-and-the-eu-imbalances-increase-is-there-any-way-out/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[John Butler]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 May 2023 05:57:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[IREF Newsletter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Debt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euro zone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rating]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35088</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Ratings Agencies take notice of deteriorating finances Debt ratings agencies may not have the power they used to possess before the 2008 global financial crisis, but they still carry influence.&#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/france-receives-a-debt-downgrade-as-interest-costs-and-the-eu-imbalances-increase-is-there-any-way-out/">France receives a debt downgrade as interest costs and the EU imbalances increase. Is there any way out?</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
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			</item>
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		<title>Cyprus&#8217; Bailout</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/cyprus-bailout/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=cyprus-bailout</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/cyprus-bailout/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Sylvain C]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 07 Mar 2013 17:42:46 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Online Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bailout]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Companies & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cyprus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ECB]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euro zone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Comparisons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[troïka]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/cyprus-bailout/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The European Union is about to bail out Cyprus but no details on how it could be done are released yet. Joerg Asmussen, ECB board member, announced that “the troika of European Union, International Monetary Fund and the European Central Bank would send a mission of experts to Cyprus on Tuesday for a technical analysis of the country's financing needs and to get a better understanding of the new Cypriot government.” Owing to the importance of the event for the Euro zone, it is worth reminding what Enrico Colombatto, IREF scientific director, wrote on Cyprus’ bailout.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/cyprus-bailout/">Cyprus&#8217; Bailout</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
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			</item>
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		<title>Why the EU should think twice before granting a loan to Greece</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/why-the-eu-should-think-twice-before-granting-a-loan-to-greece/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=why-the-eu-should-think-twice-before-granting-a-loan-to-greece</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/why-the-eu-should-think-twice-before-granting-a-loan-to-greece/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[IREF]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 28 Apr 2010 11:52:53 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Online Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Companies & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Debt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[euro zone]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Comparisons]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Greece]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public spending]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/why-the-eu-should-think-twice-before-granting-a-loan-to-greece/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The disaster everyone feared for several months finally occurred yesterday – Greece’s credit rating was reduced to junk status and financial markets slumped. Moreover, Portugal’s debt has also been downgraded, Spanish stocks plunged more than four percentage points and in Italy it was difficult to sell government bonds.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/why-the-eu-should-think-twice-before-granting-a-loan-to-greece/">Why the EU should think twice before granting a loan to Greece</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
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