Europe Archives - IREF Europe https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/europe/ Independent research and policy analysis on fiscal, monetary, and regulatory issues in Europe Sat, 18 Apr 2026 14:11:25 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://en.irefeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2026/04/IREF-LinkedIn-Profile-DarkBlue-scaled.png Europe Archives - IREF Europe https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/europe/ 32 32 Put their money where your mouth is https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/put-their-money-where-your-mouth-is/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=put-their-money-where-your-mouth-is https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/put-their-money-where-your-mouth-is/#respond Wed, 03 Dec 2025 21:59:01 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=36136 George Bush, then a presidential candidate, famously said at the 1988 Republican National Convention in New Orleans: “read my lips: no new taxes”. The pledge not to tax the American…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/put-their-money-where-your-mouth-is/feed/ 0 The Quantum Race Is On — And Europe Can’t Afford to Lose Again https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/5-11-the-quantum-race-is-on-and-europe-cant-afford-to-lose-again/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=5-11-the-quantum-race-is-on-and-europe-cant-afford-to-lose-again https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/5-11-the-quantum-race-is-on-and-europe-cant-afford-to-lose-again/#respond Wed, 05 Nov 2025 08:11:24 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=36095 Europe once again stands at the edge of a technological revolution—this time, in quantum computing. Widely regarded as the next tech frontier, quantum promises capabilities far beyond today’s supercomputers, with…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/5-11-the-quantum-race-is-on-and-europe-cant-afford-to-lose-again/feed/ 0 ReFuelEU Aviation Regulation: How the EU’s New Green Rules Could Do More Harm than Good https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/refueleu-aviation-regulation-how-the-eus-new-green-rules-could-do-more-harm-than-good/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=refueleu-aviation-regulation-how-the-eus-new-green-rules-could-do-more-harm-than-good https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/refueleu-aviation-regulation-how-the-eus-new-green-rules-could-do-more-harm-than-good/#respond Wed, 09 Apr 2025 03:39:49 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35802 The European Union has long positioned itself as a global climate leader, promoting policies to cut emissions and enhance sustainability. One of its latest initiatives, the ReFuelEU Aviation regulation, mandates…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/refueleu-aviation-regulation-how-the-eus-new-green-rules-could-do-more-harm-than-good/feed/ 0 While Others Innovate, Europe Regulates https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/while-others-innovate-europe-regulates/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=while-others-innovate-europe-regulates https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/while-others-innovate-europe-regulates/#respond Wed, 27 Nov 2024 05:17:21 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35713 The United States and China have been investing large amounts of capital in artificial intelligence (AI) for years, with many of the resulting applications being in the military domain. The…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/while-others-innovate-europe-regulates/feed/ 0 Gigaliners: a threat or an opportunity for Europe? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/gigaliners-a-threat-or-an-opportunity-for-europe/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=gigaliners-a-threat-or-an-opportunity-for-europe https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/gigaliners-a-threat-or-an-opportunity-for-europe/#respond Wed, 13 Nov 2024 04:39:44 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35698   The European debate Last March, the European Parliament approved new rules on the weight and size of trucks: the total weight of single vehicles is now 44 tons (it…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/gigaliners-a-threat-or-an-opportunity-for-europe/feed/ 0 Inflation Rates in Europe: Legacy of the Iron Curtain https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/working-paper-series/article/inflation-rates-in-europe-legacy-of-the-iron-curtain/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=inflation-rates-in-europe-legacy-of-the-iron-curtain https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/working-paper-series/article/inflation-rates-in-europe-legacy-of-the-iron-curtain/#respond Sat, 26 Oct 2024 09:08:54 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35656 WP 2024-10. Executive Summary When comparing inflation across European countries, we often overlook a simple fact – inflation is the percentage change in the price level. The rate of inflation…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/working-paper-series/article/inflation-rates-in-europe-legacy-of-the-iron-curtain/feed/ 0 Economic indicators are confused – but a ‘soft landing’ looks less likely than a few months ago https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/economic-indicators-are-confused-but-a-soft-landing-looks-less-likely-than-a-few-months-ago/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=economic-indicators-are-confused-but-a-soft-landing-looks-less-likely-than-a-few-months-ago https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/economic-indicators-are-confused-but-a-soft-landing-looks-less-likely-than-a-few-months-ago/#respond Thu, 17 Oct 2024 18:25:33 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35643 Introduction Governments and central banks have pinned a lot of their credibility on returning the world economy, after the Pandemic and the inflation shock, to an orderly picture of inflation…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/economic-indicators-are-confused-but-a-soft-landing-looks-less-likely-than-a-few-months-ago/feed/ 0 Europe’s Competitive Future, Continued Paralysis or Capital Markets Union and Greater Integration? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/europes-competitive-future-continued-paralysis-or-capital-markets-union-and-greater-integration/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=europes-competitive-future-continued-paralysis-or-capital-markets-union-and-greater-integration https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/europes-competitive-future-continued-paralysis-or-capital-markets-union-and-greater-integration/#respond Tue, 01 Oct 2024 03:17:38 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35634 In mid-September former ECB President Mario Draghi published a 400-page report recommending changes necessary to boost the EU’s competitiveness.  Although couched in broadly positive language, the document did little to…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/europes-competitive-future-continued-paralysis-or-capital-markets-union-and-greater-integration/feed/ 0 Youth Unemployment Crisis: A Growing Concern in Europe and the Arab World https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/youth-unemployment-crisis-a-growing-concern-in-europe-and-the-arab-world/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=youth-unemployment-crisis-a-growing-concern-in-europe-and-the-arab-world https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/youth-unemployment-crisis-a-growing-concern-in-europe-and-the-arab-world/#respond Wed, 25 Sep 2024 05:21:55 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35626 Youth unemployment remains a significant global issue, with young people consistently overrepresented among the jobless. With more than 64 million unemployed youth worldwide and 145 million young workers living in…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/youth-unemployment-crisis-a-growing-concern-in-europe-and-the-arab-world/feed/ 0 Banking system resilience is a sham https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/banking-system-resilience-is-a-sham/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=banking-system-resilience-is-a-sham https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/banking-system-resilience-is-a-sham/#respond Wed, 10 Jul 2024 04:14:18 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35555 Introduction Financial regulators and governments have made much of their success in restoring the global financial system to a state of stability after the Global Financial Crisis and the Eurozone…

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