Taxation and Economic Growth: Reconciling Intuition and Theory – Dalibor Rohá?
Taxation, Individual Incentives and Economic Growth – Alex Robson
Introduction by Pierre Garello, Director of the Research Department of IREF
We already knew what the general situation and trends are in the EU. Namely, that the EU- 27 is still the region of the world with the highest fiscal burden, that situations differ greatly among EU member states (with new member countries having lower fiscal burden) and that some trends can be found in the evolution of the tax-mix with, for instance, a weak tendency to replace corporate income tax and labour tax with consumption tax. The reports presented here give life to those statistics. They reveal what were the priorities and constraints of the government in each country?
A new historical database on debt and banking crisis is showing that we might be in a trivial, rather than exceptional economic situation regarding government debt. Kenneth Rogoff and Carmen Reinhart, the authors of the database and the connected study are showing that over the longer sweep of history governments regularly resorted to defaulting or at least restructuring their “uncomfortable” government debt. After the Great Depression, over 40% of the countries did so, and after the 1980-82 recession, 30% of the countries did it.
The American Congressman Ron Paul succeeded to pass an amendment for audit of the Fed in the Financial Services Committee. The amendment is about to be included in major banking reform legislation and its purpose is to allow audit of every item on the Fed’s balance sheet, all credit facilities, security purchase programs etc. “This is a major victory for Federal Reserve transparency and government accountability,” stated Congressman Paul.
The American healthcare system is stigmatized in Europe, and especially in France, where the government is pretending to offer a high quality health services to every French citizen, regardless of his contribution to the social security. But if the French social security system succeed in one task – covering the uninsured, it failed in two others, much more important issues – controlling costs and innovation. A recent study edited by the Cato Institute is evidencing the superiority of the American healthcare system when it comes to innovation in medical treatment.
The UK post office Royal Mail is at least as fervent adept to strikes as the French Poste office. The Unions chose the open clash with the managers, rather than to follow the privatization plan. It is true that the privatization of Royal Mail would compromise a lot of the “traditions” in the company. For example, in the beginning of the decade 10 000 of the 170 000 employees were missing every working day, without any valuable reason. The cost of this absenteeism was 350 mln. of pounds per year.
Without any preliminary consultation with the Parliament, the French President Sarkozy announced a subsidy of 1.65 € billions for the agricultural sector. It is hard to imagine where Sarkozy will find this money, given the current economic context and the quasi bankruptcy of the French government. But it is more interesting to question the utility of this subsidy, which amounts for some 2 750 € per farmer.* It is a considerable amount for the state budget, but a highly insufficient one when it comes to the investment that each farmer can realize with it.
France’s Draft 2010 Finance Bill provides for the abolition of the Business Tax, which is perceived by local communities and currently accounts for 10% of their revenues. Called by François Mitterrand “the idiot tax”, the Business Tax is the main local tax, paid every year by nearly 2,9 mln of companies. It is based on the investment in equipment done by local firms (the basis of the tax is the rental value of a company’s tangible fixed assets) plus 1.5% tax on the value added for companies with a turnover exceeding 7.5 mln €.
Abstract: This paper surveys possible motivations having a net wealth tax. After giving a short overview over the state of wealth taxation in OECD countries, we discuss both popular arguments for such a tax, as well as economic arguments. It is argued that classical normative principles of taxation known from public economics cannot give a sound justification for a net wealth tax. The efficiency-related effects are also discussed and shown to be theoretically ambiguous, while empirical evidence hints at a negative effect on GDP growth.
Abstract : When serial bank robber Willie Sutton was apprehended at last, someone asked him why he had robbed so many banks: “Because that’s where the money is,” Sutton famously replied. The idea of taxing wealth, whatever its merits, seems to suggest itself as naturally. One may well doubt whether it is wise or prudent to equate any form of taxation so casually with grand larceny; less doubtful is the fact that both designs on the money of some by the ambitions of others are likely to end in disappointment.
