Publications

At the end of the 19th century, Europe was a global powerhouse of innovation. It is where the Industrial Revolution and the Great Enrichment began. Yet, today it is clearly lagging…

Background Global economic activity is expected to slow down because of record-high inflation, large public budget deficits and debts, conflicts between monetary and fiscal policy targets, and lower central banks’…

Introduction – Recent ECB Policy Developments Croatia became the 20th Eurozone member on January 1. Regular readers know our often expressed view that the euro is a deeply flawed currency…

While brilliant and timely political and economic reforms characterized the Baltic states, in the early 1990s, Georgia remained under the direct political and economic influence of Russia until recently. Georgia…

When President Joe Biden campaigned under the slogan “build back better,” he meant to break away from limited government and expand the role of the state in a variety of…

Cost, inconvenience and fraud have been increased for consumer and business users on their ‘digital payments journey’.1 Current plans for the introduction into the UK of a Central Bank Digital…

In previous years, the transfers of data have been a tug of war between the EU and the US. At the beginning, companies depended on an agreement known as the…

Up until recently, the proponents of the cluster of financial developments around the Great Re-Set, Decentralized Finance, Central Bank Digital Currency, Financial Inclusion, Fintech, Open Banking et al have had…

There was universal relief in the UK and international media at the demise of Prime Minister (PM) Liz Truss and her replacement by the man she had recently defeated in…

According to The Economist, these turbulent times have completed the transformation of Britain into a new country, characterized by political instability and low growth, and subordinated to financial markets. Britaly…