<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>banks Archives - IREF Europe</title>
	<atom:link href="https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/banks/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/banks/</link>
	<description>Independent research and policy analysis on fiscal, monetary, and regulatory issues in Europe</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 03:38:17 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en-US</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>
	hourly	</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>
	1	</sy:updateFrequency>
	<generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4</generator>

<image>
	<url>https://en.irefeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2026/04/IREF-LinkedIn-Profile-DarkBlue-scaled.png</url>
	<title>banks Archives - IREF Europe</title>
	<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/banks/</link>
	<width>32</width>
	<height>32</height>
</image> 
	<item>
		<title>The Myth of European Banking Recovery</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/the-myth-of-european-banking-recovery/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=the-myth-of-european-banking-recovery</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/the-myth-of-european-banking-recovery/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Claudia Zeller]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Jul 2025 03:38:17 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[IREF Newsletter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EU]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial and Banking Newsletter]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35948</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Introduction The overwhelming view of financial sector and media is that banks have made strong recoveries from the problems of 2007-9.  Earnings are resilient, share prices strongly up in 2024,&#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/the-myth-of-european-banking-recovery/">The Myth of European Banking Recovery</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/the-myth-of-european-banking-recovery/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Banking system resilience is a sham</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/banking-system-resilience-is-a-sham/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=banking-system-resilience-is-a-sham</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/banking-system-resilience-is-a-sham/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Bob Lyddon]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Jul 2024 04:14:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Online Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Banking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[UK]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USA]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35555</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Introduction Financial regulators and governments have made much of their success in restoring the global financial system to a state of stability after the Global Financial Crisis and the Eurozone&#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/banking-system-resilience-is-a-sham/">Banking system resilience is a sham</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/banking-system-resilience-is-a-sham/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Taming Inflation by Having Companies as Central Bankers</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/taming-inflation-by-having-companies-as-central-bankers/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=taming-inflation-by-having-companies-as-central-bankers</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/taming-inflation-by-having-companies-as-central-bankers/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Enrico Colombatto]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Jul 2022 16:21:28 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Online Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Banking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ECB]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=34566</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Consumer prices started rising in 2021, and the rise has quickly gathered speed. Many politicians and central bankers were caught by surprise. They initially claimed that price inflation was provoked&#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/taming-inflation-by-having-companies-as-central-bankers/">Taming Inflation by Having Companies as Central Bankers</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/taming-inflation-by-having-companies-as-central-bankers/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>May&#8217;13 Newsletter: The End of Austerity? Not Quite</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/may-13-newsletter-the-end-of-austerity-not-quite/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=may-13-newsletter-the-end-of-austerity-not-quite</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/may-13-newsletter-the-end-of-austerity-not-quite/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Kevin Dowd]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 May 2013 10:20:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[IREF Newsletter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Austerity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crisis]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/may-13-newsletter-the-end-of-austerity-not-quite/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p><strong> The May Newsletter explains the austerity concerns heralded during April, the European Banking Union issue, the coming implementation of the Tobin Tax and the fact that there was no major banking fatalities during the </strong> <strong> month. </strong></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/may-13-newsletter-the-end-of-austerity-not-quite/">May&#8217;13 Newsletter: The End of Austerity? Not Quite</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/may-13-newsletter-the-end-of-austerity-not-quite/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>$ 1.543 billion</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/key-figures/article/1-543-billion/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=1-543-billion</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/key-figures/article/1-543-billion/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[IREF]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Dec 2011 14:16:37 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Key Figures]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Companies & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Debt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Globalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public spending]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/other-publications/key-figures/1-543-billion/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>is the amount of exposition of French banks to European countries&#8217; private and public debt. They own for instance $106 billion of Italian public debt (which is six times higher&#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/key-figures/article/1-543-billion/">$ 1.543 billion</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://en.irefeurope.org/key-figures/article/1-543-billion/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Bank stress tests or how governments are trying to fool the market</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/bank-stress-tests-or-how-governments-are-trying-to-fool-the-market/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=bank-stress-tests-or-how-governments-are-trying-to-fool-the-market</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/bank-stress-tests-or-how-governments-are-trying-to-fool-the-market/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[IREF]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 22 Sep 2011 16:26:42 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Online Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Companies & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Credit Rating]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stress test]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/bank-stress-tests-or-how-governments-are-trying-to-fool-the-market/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>European governments are under pressure to shore up the banking sector in the face of growing worries about the industry's capital levels, access to funding and earning power in the context of global crisis. Indeed, weakened by their bad sovereign debt holdings, several banks are scrutinized by the credit rating agencies and two of them, the French Société Générale and Crédit Agricole have recently been downgraded by Moody’s.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/bank-stress-tests-or-how-governments-are-trying-to-fool-the-market/">Bank stress tests or how governments are trying to fool the market</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/bank-stress-tests-or-how-governments-are-trying-to-fool-the-market/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Two French banks downgraded by Moody&#8217;s</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/news/article/two-french-banks-downgraded-by-moody-s/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=two-french-banks-downgraded-by-moody-s</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/news/article/two-french-banks-downgraded-by-moody-s/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[IREF]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Sep 2011 13:51:24 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Companies & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crisis]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/other-publications/news/two-french-banks-downgraded-by-moody-s/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Suspected to be too vulnerable because of their "Greec holdings" two of the biggest French banks, Société Générale and Crédit Agricole have been downgraded by the credit rating agency Moody's.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/news/article/two-french-banks-downgraded-by-moody-s/">Two French banks downgraded by Moody&#8217;s</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://en.irefeurope.org/news/article/two-french-banks-downgraded-by-moody-s/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>8th European Resource Bank in Yalta</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/news/article/8th-european-resource-bank-in-yalta/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=8th-european-resource-bank-in-yalta</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/news/article/8th-european-resource-bank-in-yalta/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[IREF]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 28 May 2011 08:10:26 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Companies & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crisis]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/other-publications/news/8th-european-resource-bank-in-yalta/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>IREF participated to the 8th European Resource Bank held in Yalta, Ukraine. Representatives from 50 think tanks joined the event and discussed the necessity to foster cooperation in order to&#8230;</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/news/article/8th-european-resource-bank-in-yalta/">8th European Resource Bank in Yalta</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://en.irefeurope.org/news/article/8th-european-resource-bank-in-yalta/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
		<item>
		<title>Bailing out the Banks Was Wrong, but New Tax Won&#8217;t Make It Right</title>
		<link>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/bailing-out-the-banks-was-wrong-but-new-tax-won-t-make-it-right/?utm_source=rss&#038;utm_medium=rss&#038;utm_campaign=bailing-out-the-banks-was-wrong-but-new-tax-won-t-make-it-right</link>
					<comments>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/bailing-out-the-banks-was-wrong-but-new-tax-won-t-make-it-right/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[IREF]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 18 Jan 2010 12:32:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Online Articles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bailout]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[banks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Companies & Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taxes]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/bailing-out-the-banks-was-wrong-but-new-tax-won-t-make-it-right/</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>The Obama administration has just proposed a new fee — otherwise known as a tax — on the country's largest financial institutions. The tax aims to recover the difference between the bailout funds provided to these institutions a year and a half ago and the amounts ultimately returned to the Treasury. In so doing, the tax will allegedly reduce the federal deficit by some $90 billion.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/bailing-out-the-banks-was-wrong-but-new-tax-won-t-make-it-right/">Bailing out the Banks Was Wrong, but New Tax Won&#8217;t Make It Right</a> appeared first on <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org">IREF Europe</a>.</p>
]]></description>
		
					<wfw:commentRss>https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/bailing-out-the-banks-was-wrong-but-new-tax-won-t-make-it-right/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
			<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		
		
			</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
