Taxes Archives - IREF Europe https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/taxes/ Independent research and policy analysis on fiscal, monetary, and regulatory issues in Europe Sat, 18 Apr 2026 14:57:01 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://en.irefeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2026/04/IREF-LinkedIn-Profile-DarkBlue-scaled.png Taxes Archives - IREF Europe https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/taxes/ 32 32 Who pays and who should pay for travel? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/who-pays-and-who-should-pay-for-travel/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=who-pays-and-who-should-pay-for-travel https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/who-pays-and-who-should-pay-for-travel/#respond Tue, 24 Feb 2026 06:22:13 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=36250 As the story goes, there are no free rides. The costs of each journey must necessarily be borne by someone. They can be broken down into three categories: the monetary…

The post Who pays and who should pay for travel? appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/who-pays-and-who-should-pay-for-travel/feed/ 0 UK government’s plans to track and de-risk its own ‘shadow debt’ show the costs of the Net Zero transition will be imposed directly onto businesses and consumers https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/uk-governments-plans-to-track-and-de-risk-its-own-shadow-debt-show-the-costs-of-the-net-zero-transition-will-be-imposed-directly-onto-businesses-and-consumers/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=uk-governments-plans-to-track-and-de-risk-its-own-shadow-debt-show-the-costs-of-the-net-zero-transition-will-be-imposed-directly-onto-businesses-and-consumers https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/uk-governments-plans-to-track-and-de-risk-its-own-shadow-debt-show-the-costs-of-the-net-zero-transition-will-be-imposed-directly-onto-businesses-and-consumers/#respond Tue, 17 Feb 2026 06:31:11 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=36230 Introduction The UK Budget papers of November 2025 acknowledge the funding models through which the government plans to increase the liabilities of UK taxpayers, beyond the government borrowing the money…

The post UK government’s plans to track and de-risk its own ‘shadow debt’ show the costs of the Net Zero transition will be imposed directly onto businesses and consumers appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/uk-governments-plans-to-track-and-de-risk-its-own-shadow-debt-show-the-costs-of-the-net-zero-transition-will-be-imposed-directly-onto-businesses-and-consumers/feed/ 0 How taxes boost creativity https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/how-taxes-boost-creativity/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-taxes-boost-creativity https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/how-taxes-boost-creativity/#respond Wed, 10 Dec 2025 04:58:58 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=36143 Taxes and tariffs are—unsurprisingly—a major topic for economists. On one hand, they generate huge inefficiencies, deadweight losses, and perverse incentives; on the other hand, they reveal the fascinating creativity with…

The post How taxes boost creativity appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/how-taxes-boost-creativity/feed/ 0 Millionaires’ Exodus: Is Britain Driving Its Wealthy Away? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/22-10-millionaires-exodus-is-britain-driving-its-wealthy-away/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=22-10-millionaires-exodus-is-britain-driving-its-wealthy-away https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/22-10-millionaires-exodus-is-britain-driving-its-wealthy-away/#respond Wed, 22 Oct 2025 05:47:02 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=36058 For centuries, Britain stood as a magnet for global wealth. London’s financial markets, trusted legal system, and cosmopolitan culture attracted the world’s wealthy, fueling investment, innovation, and growth. But that…

The post Millionaires’ Exodus: Is Britain Driving Its Wealthy Away? appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/22-10-millionaires-exodus-is-britain-driving-its-wealthy-away/feed/ 0 Why do people oppose wealth taxes? Some new data offer some insights. https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/why-do-people-oppose-wealth-taxes-some-new-data-offer-some-insights/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=why-do-people-oppose-wealth-taxes-some-new-data-offer-some-insights https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/why-do-people-oppose-wealth-taxes-some-new-data-offer-some-insights/#respond Wed, 23 Apr 2025 03:35:33 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35852 Wealth taxes are present in most European countries, but they still form a relatively small share of tax revenues. Indeed, politicians keep referring to wealth as a fat tax base…

The post Why do people oppose wealth taxes? Some new data offer some insights. appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/why-do-people-oppose-wealth-taxes-some-new-data-offer-some-insights/feed/ 0 Ireland’s siphoning off of GDP and tax revenues makes a mockery of the EU Single Market https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/irelands-siphoning-off-of-gdp-and-tax-revenues-makes-a-mockery-of-the-eu-single-market/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=irelands-siphoning-off-of-gdp-and-tax-revenues-makes-a-mockery-of-the-eu-single-market https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/irelands-siphoning-off-of-gdp-and-tax-revenues-makes-a-mockery-of-the-eu-single-market/#respond Thu, 29 Feb 2024 06:34:50 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35379 Introduction The ‘Celtic Paper Tiger’ is that part of economy tied up with servicing foreign multinationals and reducing their tax bills. It represents 65% of the Republic of Ireland’s economy,1it…

The post Ireland’s siphoning off of GDP and tax revenues makes a mockery of the EU Single Market appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/irelands-siphoning-off-of-gdp-and-tax-revenues-makes-a-mockery-of-the-eu-single-market/feed/ 0 How (not) to regulate gambling https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/how-not-to-regulate-gambling/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-not-to-regulate-gambling https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/how-not-to-regulate-gambling/#respond Wed, 04 Oct 2023 05:48:27 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35225 In many countries, there is a demand for regulation of gambling, as gambling is considered a vice with potentially harmful consequences. However, regulating gambling and similar goods is somewhat problematic.…

The post How (not) to regulate gambling appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/how-not-to-regulate-gambling/feed/ 0 Do Italians dislike wealth taxes? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/do-italians-dislike-wealth-taxes/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=do-italians-dislike-wealth-taxes https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/do-italians-dislike-wealth-taxes/#respond Wed, 26 Apr 2023 05:51:52 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35043 Wealth taxes have played a minor role in the tax systems of the OECD bloc: they have declined from about 7.9% of total tax revenues in the mid-1960s to about…

The post Do Italians dislike wealth taxes? appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/do-italians-dislike-wealth-taxes/feed/ 0 The Strait of Messina bridge: put your money where your mouth is https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-strait-of-messina-bridge-put-your-money-where-your-mouth-is/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-strait-of-messina-bridge-put-your-money-where-your-mouth-is https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-strait-of-messina-bridge-put-your-money-where-your-mouth-is/#respond Wed, 12 Apr 2023 05:57:42 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35025 The bridge between Sicily and the Italian mainland is probably the longest living project in the world. According to some historians, it dates back to the Romans. The idea had…

The post The Strait of Messina bridge: put your money where your mouth is appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-strait-of-messina-bridge-put-your-money-where-your-mouth-is/feed/ 0 Do people really dislike wealth taxes more than other types of taxes? Evidence from a survey-experiment representative of the Italian population https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/working-paper-series/article/do-people-really-dislike-wealth-taxes-more-than-other-types-of-taxes-evidence-from-a-survey-experiment-representative-of-the-italian-population/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=do-people-really-dislike-wealth-taxes-more-than-other-types-of-taxes-evidence-from-a-survey-experiment-representative-of-the-italian-population https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/working-paper-series/article/do-people-really-dislike-wealth-taxes-more-than-other-types-of-taxes-evidence-from-a-survey-experiment-representative-of-the-italian-population/#respond Fri, 07 Apr 2023 06:25:23 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35021 WP 2023-03. Executive Summary We designed a Survey Experiment (SE) to study the attitudes of the Italians towards wealth, income and consumptions taxes. In particular, we interviewed a sample of…

The post Do people really dislike wealth taxes more than other types of taxes? Evidence from a survey-experiment representative of the Italian population appeared first on IREF Europe.

]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/working-paper-series/article/do-people-really-dislike-wealth-taxes-more-than-other-types-of-taxes-evidence-from-a-survey-experiment-representative-of-the-italian-population/feed/ 0