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Few economic collapses in modern history have been as dramatic, prolonged, and devastating as Venezuela’s. Once the wealthiest country in Latin America, endowed with the world’s largest proven oil reserves,…

Introduction The UK government’s November 2025 Budget supplied ample corroboration of our report published by IREF in October 2025 (‘the report’), showing that the governing Labour Party plans to greatly…

The outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 led governments around the world to adopt an extraordinary set of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs), including lockdowns, school closures, limits on mobility, and border…

For decades, America’s dominance in technology has rested on a simple but powerful principle: permissionless innovation—the idea that individuals and companies are free to build and experiment without first seeking…

The widely circulated news that the EU is backtracking on the ban on selling cars with internal combustion engines in 2035 is greatly exaggerated. Rather than a U-turn, it’s more…

For more than a century, America’s greatest strength has been its ability to attract the world’s most talented people — the scientists, engineers, researchers, and entrepreneurs who made the U.S.…

We have witnessed a food delivery boom in the last decade, yet one such system has operated successfully for over 130 years. In Mumbai, India, five thousand delivery men distribute…

Over the past two years, a striking new force has reshaped global political movements. Generation Z—once dismissed as apathetic, distracted, and politically disengaged—has emerged at the forefront of protest worldwide.…

Taxes and tariffs are—unsurprisingly—a major topic for economists. On one hand, they generate huge inefficiencies, deadweight losses, and perverse incentives; on the other hand, they reveal the fascinating creativity with…

George Bush, then a presidential candidate, famously said at the 1988 Republican National Convention in New Orleans: “read my lips: no new taxes”. The pledge not to tax the American…