Introduction The Bank of England has taken the lead amongst the world’s central banks in issuing a working paper about how central banks can replenish their capital, now that they…
Publications
In August 2022, US President Joe Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which promises massive investment by the US government in US-built green infrastructure and industry. The IRA will provide $400bn-$1trn over…
“The robots are coming. And that’s a good thing”. This is the title of a very recent MIT Technology Review article written by Daniela Rus, director of MIT (Massachusetts Institute…
IREF Newsletter
CBDCs: the hottest topic in central banking. What form of Central Bank Digital Euro should the ECB Launch?
Introduction – 130 Central Banks have CBDC Projects Since we last reported on the ECB’s thinking about CBDCs1, multiple central banks have undertaken research in designing, operating and selling CBDCs.…
Morocco faces a pressing challenge in water scarcity, posing significant hurdles to its socio-economic progress. Ranked among the nations with the lowest water resources per person by the World Bank,…
Working Paper Series
Gottfried Haberler’s Contributions to the Theory of Index Numbers: A Blueprint for Revealed Preference Theory
WP 2024-03. Executive Summary This paper reviews the neglected contributions to the theory of index numbers in Gottfried Haberler’s (1927) habilitation thesis Der Sinn der Indexzahlen (The Meaning of Index…
Is there an air pollution emergency in Northern Italy? That’s what you might have thought if you had read the news or watched tv a couple of weeks ago. A…
Online Articles
Ireland’s siphoning off of GDP and tax revenues makes a mockery of the EU Single Market
by
Bob Lyddon
Introduction The ‘Celtic Paper Tiger’ is that part of economy tied up with servicing foreign multinationals and reducing their tax bills. It represents 65% of the Republic of Ireland’s economy,1it…
Online Articles
Stability or Sovereignty? Italy’s Challenging Relationship with the European Stability Mechanism
The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 2012 by the euro area member states. Its primary objective consists in ensuring long-term financial stability in the euro…
On Oct 30, 2023, President Biden signed the Executive Order on AI, requiring AI developers and cloud providers to share safety tests and other crucial information with the government. It…