Public spending Archives - IREF Europe https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/public-spending/ Independent research and policy analysis on fiscal, monetary, and regulatory issues in Europe Tue, 24 Feb 2026 06:22:13 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://en.irefeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2026/04/IREF-LinkedIn-Profile-DarkBlue-scaled.png Public spending Archives - IREF Europe https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/public-spending/ 32 32 Who pays and who should pay for travel? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/who-pays-and-who-should-pay-for-travel/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=who-pays-and-who-should-pay-for-travel https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/who-pays-and-who-should-pay-for-travel/#respond Tue, 24 Feb 2026 06:22:13 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=36250 As the story goes, there are no free rides. The costs of each journey must necessarily be borne by someone. They can be broken down into three categories: the monetary…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/who-pays-and-who-should-pay-for-travel/feed/ 0 Taxpayers to be burdened with further obligations under a new way of creating public debt https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/taxpayers-to-be-burdened-with-further-obligations-under-a-new-way-of-creating-public-debt/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=taxpayers-to-be-burdened-with-further-obligations-under-a-new-way-of-creating-public-debt https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/taxpayers-to-be-burdened-with-further-obligations-under-a-new-way-of-creating-public-debt/#respond Wed, 01 Oct 2025 05:24:14 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=36029 Introduction Governments and other public sector entities have borrowed up to the limit of their debt capacity, and, in the EU, its supranational entities have run up debts themselves. Public…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/taxpayers-to-be-burdened-with-further-obligations-under-a-new-way-of-creating-public-debt/feed/ 0 A Fiscal Time Bomb: How the Big Beautiful Bill Threatens the U.S. Economy https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/a-fiscal-time-bomb-how-the-big-beautiful-bill-threatens-the-u-s-economy/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=a-fiscal-time-bomb-how-the-big-beautiful-bill-threatens-the-u-s-economy https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/a-fiscal-time-bomb-how-the-big-beautiful-bill-threatens-the-u-s-economy/#respond Wed, 24 Sep 2025 10:12:56 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=36031 On July 4, 2025, President Trump signed the “One Big Beautiful Bill Act” (OBBBA) into law—a sweeping package of tax cuts and federal spending presented as a patriotic revival of…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/a-fiscal-time-bomb-how-the-big-beautiful-bill-threatens-the-u-s-economy/feed/ 0 DOGE: Can Elon Musk Achieve a $2 Trillion Federal Spending Cut? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/doge-can-elon-musk-achieve-a-2-trillion-federal-spending-cut/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=doge-can-elon-musk-achieve-a-2-trillion-federal-spending-cut https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/doge-can-elon-musk-achieve-a-2-trillion-federal-spending-cut/#comments Wed, 26 Mar 2025 04:27:31 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35804 When Donald Trump vowed to dismantle Washington’s bureaucracy, few expected Elon Musk to lead the charge. Yet, Musk now heads the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), a White House task…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/doge-can-elon-musk-achieve-a-2-trillion-federal-spending-cut/feed/ 1 Cost-benefit analysis in theory https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/cost-benefit-analysis-in-theory/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=cost-benefit-analysis-in-theory https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/cost-benefit-analysis-in-theory/#respond Wed, 19 Feb 2025 04:29:52 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35772 As is well known, in Western countries public spending represents today a high percentage of the gross domestic product. In Europe, it stands at around 50%. Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) has…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/cost-benefit-analysis-in-theory/feed/ 0 Europe’s Competitive Future, Continued Paralysis or Capital Markets Union and Greater Integration? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/europes-competitive-future-continued-paralysis-or-capital-markets-union-and-greater-integration/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=europes-competitive-future-continued-paralysis-or-capital-markets-union-and-greater-integration https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/europes-competitive-future-continued-paralysis-or-capital-markets-union-and-greater-integration/#respond Tue, 01 Oct 2024 03:17:38 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35634 In mid-September former ECB President Mario Draghi published a 400-page report recommending changes necessary to boost the EU’s competitiveness.  Although couched in broadly positive language, the document did little to…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/iref-newsletter/article/europes-competitive-future-continued-paralysis-or-capital-markets-union-and-greater-integration/feed/ 0 The Strait of Messina bridge: put your money where your mouth is https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-strait-of-messina-bridge-put-your-money-where-your-mouth-is/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-strait-of-messina-bridge-put-your-money-where-your-mouth-is https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-strait-of-messina-bridge-put-your-money-where-your-mouth-is/#respond Wed, 12 Apr 2023 05:57:42 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35025 The bridge between Sicily and the Italian mainland is probably the longest living project in the world. According to some historians, it dates back to the Romans. The idea had…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-strait-of-messina-bridge-put-your-money-where-your-mouth-is/feed/ 0 Preferences For Redistribution https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/preferences-for-redistribution/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=preferences-for-redistribution https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/preferences-for-redistribution/#respond Wed, 12 Oct 2022 07:39:19 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=34683 Modern states carry out intense redistribution. In brief, they modify the holdings of particular persons, collective agents or groups. Tax-transfers and public expenditure are an important tool through which redistribution…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/preferences-for-redistribution/feed/ 0 The Italian Universal Minimum Income Project: Analysis of a Case Study https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-italian-universal-minimum-income-project-analysis-of-a-case-study/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-italian-universal-minimum-income-project-analysis-of-a-case-study https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-italian-universal-minimum-income-project-analysis-of-a-case-study/#respond Wed, 13 Jul 2022 09:44:40 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=34501 As emphasized in June, the law establishing the Italian universal-minimum-income programme (RdC) also puts the Ministry of Labor and Social Policies — the same authority that advocated its adoption —…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-italian-universal-minimum-income-project-analysis-of-a-case-study/feed/ 0 Is it possible to abolish poverty by one single law? The case of the Italian universal minimum income project https://en.irefeurope.org/uncategorized/article/is-it-possible-to-abolish-poverty-by-one-single-law-the-case-of-the-italian-universal-minimum-income-project/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=is-it-possible-to-abolish-poverty-by-one-single-law-the-case-of-the-italian-universal-minimum-income-project https://en.irefeurope.org/uncategorized/article/is-it-possible-to-abolish-poverty-by-one-single-law-the-case-of-the-italian-universal-minimum-income-project/#respond Tue, 14 Jun 2022 09:06:04 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=34453 The idea of ​​providing an unconditional income to everyone, regardless of whether «the person is rich or poor, lives alone or with others, is willing to work or not» (Van…

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