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.woocommerce .woocommerce-message:before, .woocommerce form.checkout table.shop_table .order-total .amount, .woocommerce ul.products li.product .price ins, .woocommerce ul.products li.product .price, .woocommerce div.product p.price ins, .woocommerce div.product span.price ins, .woocommerce div.product p.price, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote:before, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote:before, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote cite, .woocommerce div.product .entry-summary div[itemprop="description"] blockquote .author, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote cite, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs #tab-description blockquote .author, .woocommerce div.product .product_meta > span a:hover, .woocommerce div.product .woocommerce-tabs ul.tabs li.active, .woocommerce ul.cart_list li .amount, .woocommerce ul.product_list_widget 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.pcdark-mode div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form button[type=submit], .pcdark-mode div.wpforms-container .wpforms-form.wpforms-form .wpforms-page-button, .pcdark-mode .mc4wp-form input[type=submit]{ color: #ffffff; } .wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button svg{ fill: #ffffff; } .home-featured-cat-content .mag-photo .mag-overlay-photo { opacity: ; } .home-featured-cat-content .mag-photo:hover .mag-overlay-photo { opacity: ; } .inner-item-portfolio:hover .penci-portfolio-thumbnail a:after { opacity: ; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle { width: 18px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-menuhbg-inner { height: 18px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-lines, .penci-menuhbg-wapper{ width: 18px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .lines-button{ top: 8px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-lines:before{ top: 5px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .penci-lines:after{ top: -5px; } .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .lines-button:after, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:before, .penci-menuhbg-toggle:hover .penci-lines:after{ transform: translateX(28px); } .penci-menuhbg-toggle .lines-button.penci-hover-effect{ left: -28px; } .penci-menu-hbg-inner .penci-hbg_sitetitle{ font-size: 18px; } .penci-menu-hbg-inner .penci-hbg_desc{ font-size: 14px; } .penci-menu-hbg{ width: 330px; }.penci-menu-hbg.penci-menu-hbg-left{ transform: translateX(-330px); -webkit-transform: translateX(-330px); -moz-transform: translateX(-330px); }.penci-menu-hbg.penci-menu-hbg-right{ transform: translateX(330px); -webkit-transform: translateX(330px); -moz-transform: translateX(330px); }.penci-menuhbg-open .penci-menu-hbg.penci-menu-hbg-left, .penci-vernav-poleft.penci-menuhbg-open .penci-vernav-toggle{ left: 330px; }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poleft .wrapper-boxed{ padding-left: 330px; } .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poright .wrapper-boxed{ padding-right: 330px; } .penci-vernav-enable .is-sticky #navigation{ width: calc(100% - 330px); } }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-image.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-cover-image.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-cover.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .wp-block-gallery.alignfull, .penci-vernav-enable .penci_is_nosidebar .alignfull{ margin-left: calc(50% - 50vw + 165px); width: calc(100vw - 330px); } }.penci-vernav-poright.penci-menuhbg-open .penci-vernav-toggle{ right: 330px; }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poleft .penci-rltpopup-left{ left: 330px; } }@media only screen and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable.penci-vernav-poright .penci-rltpopup-right{ right: 330px; } }@media only screen and (max-width: 1500px) and (min-width: 961px) { .penci-vernav-enable .container { max-width: 100%; max-width: calc(100% - 30px); } .penci-vernav-enable .container.home-featured-boxes{ display: block; } .penci-vernav-enable .container.home-featured-boxes:before, .penci-vernav-enable .container.home-featured-boxes:after{ content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } } /* ===== TABLES ===== */ table, th, td { border: 1px solid black; border-collapse: collapse; } table.custom-table td { padding: 4px; } table.custom-table p { margin: 2px 0; } /* ===== ARCHIVES / PUBLICATION LISTS: FORCE COMPACT LIST LAYOUT ===== */ /* make each post a 2-column row */ body.archive section.grid-featured article.item, body.archive section.grid-featured article, body.archive .penci-grid article.item, body.tag section.grid-featured article.item, body.tag section.grid-featured article, body.tag .penci-grid article.item { display: flex !important; align-items: flex-start !important; gap: 24px !important; margin-bottom: 32px !important; } /* stop the featured block from behaving like a hero/banner */ body.archive .penci-featured-wrapper, body.archive .penci-grid-overlay, body.archive .penci-featured-content, body.archive .grid-header-box, body.tag .penci-featured-wrapper, body.tag .penci-grid-overlay, body.tag .penci-featured-content, body.tag .grid-header-box { position: static !important; display: block !important; width: auto !important; height: auto !important; background: none !important; } /* thumbnail column */ body.archive .thumbnail, body.archive .penci_post_thumb, body.archive .penci-thumb, body.archive .penci-image-holder, body.archive .penci-image-holder a, body.archive .penci-featured-thumbnail, body.tag .thumbnail, body.tag .penci_post_thumb, body.tag .penci-thumb, body.tag .penci-image-holder, body.tag .penci-image-holder a, body.tag .penci-featured-thumbnail { width: 260px !important; min-width: 260px !important; max-width: 260px !important; flex: 0 0 260px !important; margin: 0 !important; } /* image sizing */ body.archive .thumbnail img, body.archive .penci_post_thumb img, body.archive .penci-thumb img, body.archive .penci-image-holder img, body.archive .penci-featured-thumbnail img, body.archive article.item img, body.tag .thumbnail img, body.tag .penci_post_thumb img, body.tag .penci-thumb img, body.tag .penci-image-holder img, body.tag .penci-featured-thumbnail img, body.tag article.item img { width: 100% !important; height: auto !important; display: block !important; } /* text column */ body.archive .penci-featured-info, body.archive .item-content, body.archive .grid-header-box, body.archive .header-box, body.archive .entry-content, body.archive .penci-entry-media-none, body.tag .penci-featured-info, body.tag .item-content, body.tag .grid-header-box, body.tag .header-box, body.tag .entry-content, body.tag .penci-entry-media-none { flex: 1 1 auto !important; width: auto !important; max-width: none !important; margin: 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; text-align: left !important; } /* title */ body.archive .penci-entry-title, body.archive .entry-title, body.archive h2.penci-entry-title, body.archive .grid-title, body.archive .overlay-title, body.tag .penci-entry-title, body.tag .entry-title, body.tag h2.penci-entry-title, body.tag .grid-title, body.tag .overlay-title { margin: 0 0 10px 0 !important; font-size: 22px !important; line-height: 1.25 !important; text-align: left !important; } /* meta + excerpt */ body.archive .grid-post-box-meta, body.archive .entry-meta, body.archive .penci_post-meta, body.tag .grid-post-box-meta, body.tag .entry-meta, body.tag .penci_post-meta { margin: 0 0 10px 0 !important; text-align: left !important; } body.archive .item-content p, body.archive .penci-featured-info p, body.archive .entry-content p, body.archive .post-excerpt, body.archive .penci-post-excerpt, body.tag .item-content p, body.tag .penci-featured-info p, body.tag .entry-content p, body.tag .post-excerpt, body.tag .penci-post-excerpt { margin: 0 !important; font-size: 15px !important; line-height: 1.5 !important; text-align: left !important; } /* remove oversized first-post styling */ body.archive section.grid-featured:first-of-type, body.archive article.featured-layout, body.archive .featured-layout, body.tag section.grid-featured:first-of-type, body.tag article.featured-layout, body.tag .featured-layout { display: block !important; } body.archive article.featured-layout .penci-featured-wrapper, body.archive article.featured-layout .grid-header-box, body.tag article.featured-layout .penci-featured-wrapper, body.tag article.featured-layout .grid-header-box { display: block !important; } /* mobile */ @media (max-width: 768px) { body.archive section.grid-featured article.item, body.archive section.grid-featured article, body.archive .penci-grid article.item, body.tag section.grid-featured article.item, body.tag section.grid-featured article, body.tag .penci-grid article.item { display: block !important; } body.archive .thumbnail, body.archive .penci_post_thumb, body.archive .penci-thumb, body.archive .penci-image-holder, body.archive .penci-featured-thumbnail, body.tag .thumbnail, body.tag .penci_post_thumb, body.tag .penci-thumb, body.tag .penci-image-holder, body.tag .penci-featured-thumbnail { width: 100% !important; min-width: 0 !important; max-width: 100% !important; margin-bottom: 15px !important; } } /* ===== ARCHIVE PAGE TITLE COLOR ===== */ body.archive .archive-title, body.archive h1, body.archive .page-title, body.tag .archive-title, body.tag h1, body.tag .page-title { color: #02053b !important; } /* ===== POST TITLE HOVER COLOR ===== */ .penci-entry-title a:hover, .entry-title a:hover, h2 a:hover { color: #0176c1 !important; } /* ===== COVER IMAGE BOX ===== */ img.coverbox { border: 1px solid #d8d8d8; padding: 8px; background: #ffffff; box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); } /* Hide archive comment count everywhere */ body.archive .entry-meta [class*="comment"], body.archive .grid-post-box-meta [class*="comment"], body.archive .penci_post-meta [class*="comment"], body.archive .entry-meta a[href*="#respond"], body.archive .entry-meta a[href*="#comments"], body.archive .grid-post-box-meta a[href*="#respond"], body.archive .grid-post-box-meta a[href*="#comments"], body.archive .penci_post-meta a[href*="#respond"], body.archive .penci_post-meta a[href*="#comments"] { display: none !important; } /* ===== UNIFY ARCHIVE THUMBNAIL COLUMN WITHOUT HIDING IMAGES ===== */ /* same thumbnail width across archives */ body.archive .thumbnail, body.archive .penci_post_thumb, body.archive .penci-thumb, body.archive .penci-image-holder, body.archive .penci-image-holder a, body.archive .penci-featured-thumbnail, body.tag .thumbnail, body.tag .penci_post_thumb, body.tag .penci-thumb, body.tag .penci-image-holder, body.tag .penci-image-holder a, body.tag .penci-featured-thumbnail { width: 220px !important; min-width: 220px !important; max-width: 220px !important; flex: 0 0 220px !important; margin: 0 !important; } /* make normal img thumbnails behave */ body.archive .thumbnail img, body.archive .penci_post_thumb img, body.archive .penci-thumb img, body.archive .penci-featured-thumbnail img, body.tag .thumbnail img, body.tag .penci_post_thumb img, body.tag .penci-thumb img, body.tag .penci-featured-thumbnail img { width: 100% !important; height: auto !important; display: block !important; } /* make Soledad background-image holders display consistently */ body.archive .penci-image-holder, body.archive .penci-image-holder a, body.tag .penci-image-holder, body.tag .penci-image-holder a { background-size: cover !important; background-position: center center !important; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; min-height: 160px !important; } /* ===== SAFER ARCHIVE THUMBNAIL WIDTH NORMALIZATION ===== */ /* keep image column width consistent */ body.archive .thumbnail, body.archive .penci_post_thumb, body.archive .penci-thumb, body.archive .penci-image-holder, body.archive .penci-image-holder a, body.archive .penci-featured-thumbnail, body.tag .thumbnail, body.tag .penci_post_thumb, body.tag .penci-thumb, body.tag .penci-image-holder, body.tag .penci-image-holder a, body.tag .penci-featured-thumbnail { width: 220px !important; min-width: 220px !important; max-width: 220px !important; flex: 0 0 220px !important; margin: 0 !important; } /* normal image thumbnails */ body.archive .thumbnail img, body.archive .penci_post_thumb img, body.archive .penci-thumb img, body.archive .penci-featured-thumbnail img, body.tag .thumbnail img, body.tag .penci_post_thumb img, body.tag .penci-thumb img, body.tag .penci-featured-thumbnail img { width: 100% !important; height: auto !important; display: block !important; } /* Soledad background-image holders */ body.archive .penci-image-holder, body.archive .penci-image-holder a, body.archive .penci-featured-thumbnail, body.tag .penci-image-holder, body.tag .penci-image-holder a, body.tag .penci-featured-thumbnail { background-size: cover !important; background-position: center center !important; background-repeat: no-repeat !important; min-height: 140px !important; } 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                                href="https://en.irefeurope.org/key-figures/article/us-tax-exile-1130-us-citizens-gone/">US Tax Exile: 1130 US Citizens Gone</a></h2>
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			<span class="author-italic author vcard">by 
                             <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/auteur/sylvain-charat/" title="Posts by Sylvain C" class="author url fn" rel="author">Sylvain C</a>                        </span>
			<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-11-06T11:27:12+00:00">November 6, 2013</time>		</div>
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														                                <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-11-06T11:27:12+00:00">November 6, 2013</time></span>
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						<p>1,130: here is the number of Americans who gave up their citizenship and left the US territory. Taxation made them leave.<br />
Who said the US was a tax haven? It is true that tax pressure on individuals and companies is much lighter than in France. Furthermore there is a real tax competition between the States. Yet, it is not sufficient.<br />
Many American taxpayers left because of Obama’s policy and tax increases. Thus, in Q2 of this year, 1130 US taxpayers gave up their citizenship because of taxation.<br />
It is twice as much as the whole year 2012, and ten times more than in 2007, one year before Obama’s election.</p>
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			<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-10-28T14:11:48+00:00">October 28, 2013</time>		</div>
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														                                <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-10-28T14:11:48+00:00">October 28, 2013</time></span>
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						<p>According to the Harris Interactive poll for Le Figaro daily and LCP television, French President Hollande would not be reelected in 2017. His fiscal policies are highly criticized and would cost him his reelection. It seems that Holland is discovering this principle : the more taxes, the less votes. Yet, if he is not reelected, what would be next?</p>
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                                href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/dutch-king-willem-alexander-ends-the-welfare-state/">Dutch King Willem Alexander Ends The Welfare State</a></h2>
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                             <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/auteur/sylvain-charat/" title="Posts by Sylvain C" class="author url fn" rel="author">Sylvain C</a>                        </span>
			<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-09-30T15:10:58+00:00">September 30, 2013</time>		</div>
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						<p>&#8220;A nation with a small but strong government which gives people the space they need&#8221;: this what Dutch King Wilhem-Alexander wants for his people. And it has become a domestic policy on September 17th, 2013. The King has a life-time in front of him to consider the social, economic and political evolutions of society. Unlike an elected President, he does not have only a handful of years poisoned by the lurking idea of reelection for another handful of years to propose or back policies. That is why, in this view, the King can speak freely and without pressure of any kind. Thus the Dutch King declared in front of the Parliament that the welfare state was gone, over, finished. This 20th century concept is no longer relevant in our mordern society.  John Galt on the throne of the Netherlands? Not yet, but that is a good step forward.</p>
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			<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-09-18T18:15:13+00:00">September 18, 2013</time>		</div>
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						<p>The more freedom, the better the assessments ! That are the global conclusions of Sylvain Charat, Ph.D when comparing the European data base on school systems Eurydice and the OECD&hellip;</p>
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						<p>While Ireland may exit its bailout program at the end of this year, Greece is far from getting out of it. Around 10 to 11 billion euros ($13.1-14.4 billion) from the second half of 2014 will be needed to keep it going next year and in 2015. This will be the Third Act of the economic tragedy unfolding in Greece. Jeroen Dijsselbloem, Dutch Finance Minister, confirmed to the European Parliament that &#8220;as far as the potential need for a third program for Greece is concerned, it&#8217;s clear that despite recent progress, Greece&#8217;s troubles will not have been completely resolved by 2014&#8221;.</p>
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                                href="https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/bailing-out-greece-for-the-third-time-useless-and-illegimate/">Bailing Out Greece For The Third Time: Useless and Illegimate?</a></h2>
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			<span class="author-italic author vcard">by 
                             <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/auteur/sylvain-charat/" title="Posts by Sylvain C" class="author url fn" rel="author">Sylvain C</a>                        </span>
			<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-08-22T10:09:56+00:00">August 22, 2013</time>		</div>
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														                                <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-08-22T10:09:56+00:00">August 22, 2013</time></span>
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						<p>&#8220;There will have to be another program in Greece,&#8221; German Finance Minister Wolfgang Schäuble said bluntly on August 20th. The two previous bail-outs amounted to about 240 billion euros but that was not enough. According to the International Monetary Fund, one the Troika member, the estimated uncovered funding needed by Greece for 2014-2015 may amount to 10.9 billion euros.</p>
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			<span class="author-italic author vcard">by 
                             <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/auteur/sylvain-charat/" title="Posts by Sylvain C" class="author url fn" rel="author">Sylvain C</a>                        </span>
			<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-08-19T11:11:52+00:00">August 19, 2013</time>		</div>
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														                                <span class="otherl-date"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-08-19T11:11:52+00:00">August 19, 2013</time></span>
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						<p>“The youth is the utmost priority of my mandate”. Thus spoke François Hollande on January 23, 2013, when wishing a happy new year 2013. “Happy” may not have been the right term, “subsidized” should have been better. Indeed, when saying that 500 000 young people below 25 years-old do not have a job, that 25% of them are unemployed, the French President does not think that entrepreneurship is the solution. On the contrary, for him the Government must spend more money to help create jobs. And President Hollande is generous with public money: no less than 5 billion euros will be wasted on inefficient job policies!</p>
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			<span class="author-italic author vcard">by 
                             <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/auteur/sylvain-charat/" title="Posts by Sylvain C" class="author url fn" rel="author">Sylvain C</a>                        </span>
			<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-07-08T17:43:56+00:00">July 8, 2013</time>		</div>
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						<p>Nicolas Lecaussin was quoted by The Economist (July 6th &#8211; Juy12th, 2013) about a report written with Lucas Léger on French high school economic textbooks. &#8220;The IREF study last year&#8221;&hellip;</p>
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			<span class="author-italic author vcard">by 
                             <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/auteur/sylvain-charat/" title="Posts by Sylvain C" class="author url fn" rel="author">Sylvain C</a>                        </span>
			<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-07-05T09:52:45+00:00">July 5, 2013</time>		</div>
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						<p>This little county on the shores of the Baltic Sea will become the 18th member of the Eurozone. That is well deserved since Latvia meets all of the Maastricht criteria.&hellip;</p>
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			<span class="author-italic author vcard">by 
                             <a href="https://en.irefeurope.org/auteur/sylvain-charat/" title="Posts by Sylvain C" class="author url fn" rel="author">Sylvain C</a>                        </span>
			<time class="entry-date published" datetime="2013-07-05T09:43:22+00:00">July 5, 2013</time>		</div>
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						<p>Fortune has ranked the 50 most admired companies worldwide. Of course, Apple, Google, Amazon and Coca Cola are above all others. Among non-US companies can be found two German companies&hellip;</p>
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