Globalization Archives - IREF Europe https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/globalization/ Independent research and policy analysis on fiscal, monetary, and regulatory issues in Europe Wed, 07 May 2025 04:07:08 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://en.irefeurope.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2026/04/IREF-LinkedIn-Profile-DarkBlue-scaled.png Globalization Archives - IREF Europe https://en.irefeurope.org/tag/globalization/ 32 32 Liberation or Isolation: Trump’s Economic Uprising Against Globalization https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/liberation-or-isolation-trumps-economic-uprising-against-globalization/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=liberation-or-isolation-trumps-economic-uprising-against-globalization https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/liberation-or-isolation-trumps-economic-uprising-against-globalization/#respond Wed, 07 May 2025 04:07:08 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35861 On April 2, 2025, President Donald Trump declared “Liberation Day”, launching a dramatic protectionist turn that may trigger the greatest global economic disruption since the Great Depression. He announced a…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/liberation-or-isolation-trumps-economic-uprising-against-globalization/feed/ 0 The BRICS and the Challenge of Challenging the Global Order https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-brics-and-the-challenge-of-challenging-the-global-order/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-brics-and-the-challenge-of-challenging-the-global-order https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-brics-and-the-challenge-of-challenging-the-global-order/#comments Wed, 20 Dec 2023 04:46:41 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35320 The so-called BRICS have become a formidable collective force with a shared ambition to reshape the prevailing global order and bring about a multipolar world where power is distributed more…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-brics-and-the-challenge-of-challenging-the-global-order/feed/ 1 Homeland Economics: Is the End of the Age of Globalization? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/homeland-economics-is-the-end-of-the-age-of-globalization/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=homeland-economics-is-the-end-of-the-age-of-globalization https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/homeland-economics-is-the-end-of-the-age-of-globalization/#respond Wed, 13 Dec 2023 04:57:09 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35313 In the aftermath of the Cold War, a global village was emerging, driven by a belief in market power and the surge of globalization in the 1990s. Governments relaxed travel,…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/homeland-economics-is-the-end-of-the-age-of-globalization/feed/ 0 The Fragile Global Economic Performance https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-fragile-global-economic-performance/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-fragile-global-economic-performance https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-fragile-global-economic-performance/#respond Wed, 06 Sep 2023 06:59:38 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=35190 Although the global economic performance shows signs of improvement, growth remains fragile. Certainly, lower energy costs contribute to slowing down the rise in prices and this is good news for…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-fragile-global-economic-performance/feed/ 0 Global Economic Slowdown vs Local Economic Growth – Case of Georgia https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/global-economic-slowdown-vs-local-economic-growth-case-of-georgia/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=global-economic-slowdown-vs-local-economic-growth-case-of-georgia https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/global-economic-slowdown-vs-local-economic-growth-case-of-georgia/#respond Wed, 25 Jan 2023 11:46:03 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=34781 Background Global economic activity is expected to slow down because of record-high inflation, large public budget deficits and debts, conflicts between monetary and fiscal policy targets, and lower central banks’…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/global-economic-slowdown-vs-local-economic-growth-case-of-georgia/feed/ 0 The CHIPS Act: Joe Biden’s New Protectionist Policy https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-chips-act-joe-bidens-new-protectionist-policy/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-chips-act-joe-bidens-new-protectionist-policy https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-chips-act-joe-bidens-new-protectionist-policy/#comments Wed, 14 Dec 2022 07:32:18 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=34755 When President Joe Biden campaigned under the slogan “build back better,” he meant to break away from limited government and expand the role of the state in a variety of…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-chips-act-joe-bidens-new-protectionist-policy/feed/ 3 How Are African Countries Dealing With the New Inflationary Wave? https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/how-are-african-countries-dealing-with-the-new-inflationary-wave/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=how-are-african-countries-dealing-with-the-new-inflationary-wave https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/how-are-african-countries-dealing-with-the-new-inflationary-wave/#respond Wed, 19 Oct 2022 13:07:33 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=34696 Today, the African economies face another economic crisis. Supply chains disruption, money printing, the questionable responses to Covid-19, the war in Ukraine, currency depreciation and years of economic mismanagement have…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/how-are-african-countries-dealing-with-the-new-inflationary-wave/feed/ 0 The strategic rationale for Central Bank Digital Currency https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-strategic-rationale-for-central-bank-digital-currency/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-strategic-rationale-for-central-bank-digital-currency https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-strategic-rationale-for-central-bank-digital-currency/#respond Wed, 16 Feb 2022 09:06:22 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/?p=34320 The ECB Report on a digital euro states explicitly that a digital euro would support the role of the European Union as a sovereign entity and foster the international role…

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-strategic-rationale-for-central-bank-digital-currency/feed/ 0 The (missing) link between temperature and economic growth https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-missing-link-between-temperature-and-economic-growth/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=the-missing-link-between-temperature-and-economic-growth https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-missing-link-between-temperature-and-economic-growth/#respond Wed, 24 Nov 2021 12:21:43 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article-the-missing-link-between-temperature-and-economic-growth/ According to the recent report by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global average temperature increase over the period 1850–1900 was about 1.1°C by the 2010s. Several countries in the world have seen increases in average temperatures approaching 2°C. From 1820 to 2016, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in most of the Western world grew by about 25 times, and in the non-Western world by 13.5 times. This economic growth has been associated with enormous improvements in different indicators of human well-being, such as higher life expectancy, lower child mortality, and lower malnutrition.

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]]> https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/the-missing-link-between-temperature-and-economic-growth/feed/ 0 Shipping and Shopping: why you should buy your Christmas tree early https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/shipping-and-shopping-why-you-should-buy-your-christmas-tree-early/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=shipping-and-shopping-why-you-should-buy-your-christmas-tree-early https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article/shipping-and-shopping-why-you-should-buy-your-christmas-tree-early/#respond Wed, 27 Oct 2021 07:46:22 +0000 https://en.irefeurope.org/publications/online-articles/article-shipping-and-shopping-why-you-should-buy-your-christmas-tree-early/ The IFO Institute (Munich) has just revised its forecast for the German economy. GDP is now expected to grow 2.5%. IFO’s previous prediction was 3.3% and the prediction the European Commission put forward last Summer was 3.6% (Fig.1). However, according to IFO the economy will rise 5.1% in 2022 and thus bring the country back where it was before the Covid-19 shock.

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