On October 1st, 2023, the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) began its transitional phase, with reporting requirements starting in October 2023 and full charges scheduled for implementation by 2026. The CBAM…
Publications
The European Court of Human Rights found the Swiss government guilty for not doing enough to protect the Swiss from climate change and, particularly, from heat waves that affect, above all, the elderly.…
Paternalism is characterized by one’s inclination to override another person’s preferences. This requires that some have a superior understanding of what is in the best interest of the others. Of…
Online Articles
Bank of England makes the case for taxpayer bailouts of central banks: it’s mandatory
by
Bob Lyddon
Introduction The Bank of England has taken the lead amongst the world’s central banks in issuing a working paper about how central banks can replenish their capital, now that they…
In August 2022, US President Joe Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which promises massive investment by the US government in US-built green infrastructure and industry. The IRA will provide $400bn-$1trn over…
“The robots are coming. And that’s a good thing”. This is the title of a very recent MIT Technology Review article written by Daniela Rus, director of MIT (Massachusetts Institute…
IREF Newsletter
CBDCs: the hottest topic in central banking. What form of Central Bank Digital Euro should the ECB Launch?
Introduction – 130 Central Banks have CBDC Projects Since we last reported on the ECB’s thinking about CBDCs1, multiple central banks have undertaken research in designing, operating and selling CBDCs.…
Morocco faces a pressing challenge in water scarcity, posing significant hurdles to its socio-economic progress. Ranked among the nations with the lowest water resources per person by the World Bank,…
Working Paper Series
Gottfried Haberler’s Contributions to the Theory of Index Numbers: A Blueprint for Revealed Preference Theory
WP 2024-03. Executive Summary This paper reviews the neglected contributions to the theory of index numbers in Gottfried Haberler’s (1927) habilitation thesis Der Sinn der Indexzahlen (The Meaning of Index…
Is there an air pollution emergency in Northern Italy? That’s what you might have thought if you had read the news or watched tv a couple of weeks ago. A…