In recent years, the gig economy has dramatically reshaped the nature of work across the European Union. Platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, and Upwork have provided flexible opportunities to millions who…
EU
As public awareness of AI and machine learning technologies has grown, so has the demand for ethical safeguards and increased transparency. In response, the European Parliament introduced the AI Act,…
IREF Newsletter
Financial Market Developments in light of the recent electoral events. Is any part of Europe facing a financial crisis?
The recent elections in the EU, the UK, and France; what impact are the results likely to have on financial and monetary policy? Before these elections, mainstream commentators worried that…
On 25 April 2023, the European Parliament passed the Net-Zero Industry Act (NZIA) as a significant component of the Green Deal Industrial Plan, with 361 votes in favor, 121 against,…
On October 1st, 2023, the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) began its transitional phase, with reporting requirements starting in October 2023 and full charges scheduled for implementation by 2026. The CBAM…
Online Articles
Ireland’s siphoning off of GDP and tax revenues makes a mockery of the EU Single Market
by
Bob Lyddon
Introduction The ‘Celtic Paper Tiger’ is that part of economy tied up with servicing foreign multinationals and reducing their tax bills. It represents 65% of the Republic of Ireland’s economy,1it…
Online Articles
Stability or Sovereignty? Italy’s Challenging Relationship with the European Stability Mechanism
The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) is an intergovernmental organization founded in 2012 by the euro area member states. Its primary objective consists in ensuring long-term financial stability in the euro…
Introduction – the life and career of M. Jacques Delors, 1925-2023 Born in the interwar years, Jacques Delors joined France’s central bank aged 20, where he worked for seventeen years.…
The European Union has long been a pioneer in tech regulation. In 2020, the EU unveiled its data strategy, designed to unleash the potential of vast amounts of big data and…
IREF Newsletter
The Outlook for Europe’s banks and economies in the light of Money Supply Increases and potential Reductions
Followers of US monetary policy are raising concerns about the consequences of the Federal Reserve’s efforts to reverse the 17% growth in the money supply (M21) in the two-year period…
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