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This article analyses the disparity between the substance of what was announced and the language put around it by the ECB, mainly in the press …
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Consumer prices started rising in 2021, and the rise has quickly gathered speed. Many politicians and central bankers were caught by surprise. They initially claimed …
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WP 2022-05. Italy is a country marked by strong social and economic inequality among its regions. This inequality not only has deep secular roots, but …
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WP 2022-04. When the supply of money increases and the supply of goods remains the same, inflation occurs. Thus, inflation is a monetary phenomenon. We …
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IREF Newsletter
ECB Policymakers Run Out of Options; Antifragmentation Cannot BOTH Address Inflation AND Contain Spreads
When the history of the euro currency’s rise and decline in popularity is written, the month of June 2022 will be viewed as decisive. In …
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As emphasized in June, the law establishing the Italian universal-minimum-income programme (RdC) also puts the Ministry of Labor and Social Policies — the same authority …
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In January 2021 the UK left the EU single market and customs union, but, only eighteenth months on, some within Boris Johnson’s own party are …